Prevention and nursing of DVT（1）

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) often occurs in hemiplegic patients with cerebral hemorrhage. DVT usually occurs in the lower limbs, which is a common and serious complication in clinical practice, with a probability of 20% ~ 70%. Moreover, this complication has no obvious clinical manifestation in the early stage. If it is not treated and intervened in time, it may lead to pain, swelling and other symptoms of the patient's limbs, and may even lead to pulmonary embolism, seriously affecting the treatment and prognosis of the patient.

Risk factors

Venous blood stasis, venous system endothelial injury, blood hypercoagulability.

Cause of formation

Long term lying in bed and unable to exercise autonomously or with little passive exercise will lead to slow blood flow of the lower limbs, and then the blood flow circulation will be obstructed to form deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs.

Basic intervention measures of DVT

1. Key population management

For patients with hemiplegia and long-term bed rest, we should pay attention to the prevention of DVT, test D dimer, and continue to carry out color ultrasound examination for those with abnormalities.

2. Sufficient moisture

Ask the patient to drink more water, about 2000ml per day, to reduce the blood viscosity.

3. Close observation

Closely observe the patient's lower limbs for pain, swelling, dorsal foot artery pulsation and lower limb skin temperature.

4. Functional exercise as early as possible

Patients are encouraged to carry out limb function training as soon as possible, mainly including ankle pump exercise and isometric contraction of quadriceps brachii.

Ankle pump movement

Methods: the patient was lying flat in bed, and his feet were forced to hook up his toes as much as possible and then press them down, keep them for 3 seconds, and then recover them. He persisted for 3 seconds, and then rotated his toes 360 ° around the ankle joint, 15 groups each time, 3-5 times a day.

Isometric contraction of quadriceps brachii

Methods: the patients were lying flat in bed, their legs were stretched, and their thigh muscles were stretched for 10 seconds. Then they relaxed for 10 times per group. According to the specific situation of the patients, 3-4 groups or 5-10 groups every day.